American newspaper correspondents were summoned to the scene and shown some corpses, which in fact belonged to prisoners, murdered especially for the occasion.
The Germans sponsored an entire false-flag operation, involving fake Polish soldiers-SS officers in Polish uniforms-who launched an orchestrated attack on a German radio station and broadcast anti-German messages. The secret protocol was found in Nazi archives after the war, though the Soviet Union went on denying that it existed for many decades.Įach side also manufactured special lies of its own.
The agreement to create a new German-Soviet border in the middle of Poland, as well as to consign Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland to a “Soviet sphere of interest,” was part of a secret protocol to the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, the nonaggression deal between Hitler and Stalin signed on August 23. The director, the late Andrzej Wajda, had long wanted to film that scene on a bridge, a visual representation of what happened to the whole country in 1939, when Poland was caught between two invading armies whose dictators had jointly agreed to wipe Poland off the map.Įven while that joint invasion was unfolding, both dictators were already lying about it. This scene takes place on September 17, 1939, the day of the Soviet invasion of Poland the Germans had invaded two and a half weeks earlier.
“Turn back! The Germans are behind us!” But from the other side, someone else shouts, “The Soviets attacked us at dawn!” and both sides keep walking. “People, what are you doing?!” one man shouts. To their immense surprise, they see another group of anxious, desperate people heading toward them, walking from the opposite direction.
For this reason, services for portfolio transactions, liquidation and conservation on behalf of funds invested in emerging markets may carry greater risk.In the opening scene of the most famous Polish movie of the past two decades, a crowd of anxious, desperate people-on foot, riding bikes, leading horses, carrying bundles-walks onto a bridge. Some emerging markets offer less security than the majority of international developed markets. Investing in emerging markets, or specialised or restricted sectors is likely to be subject to a higher-than-average volatility due to a high degree of concentration, greater uncertainty because less information is available, there is less liquidity or due to greater sensitivity to changes in market conditions (social, political and economic conditions). Past performance is no guarantee for future returns. The value of investments and the income they generate may go down as well as up and it is possible that investors will not recover their initial outlay. This document does not constitute investment advice. Individual portfolio management teams may hold different views and may take different investment decisions for different clients.
For this reason, they may not be suitable for readers without professional investment experience.Īny views expressed here are those of the author as of the date of publication, are based on available information, and are subject to change without notice. Please note that articles may contain technical language.